Manufacture of gas.



H. W. BENNER.

MANUFACTURE OF GAS. APPLICATION FILED FEB.25,1914.

1,097,513. Patented May.19, 1914H 4 SHEETS-SHBBT 1.

3 A W/TNESSES- f: W?

ATTORNEYS.

- H. W. BENNER. MANUFACTURE OF GAS. U I APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1914. I 1 0975 1 3 Patented May 19, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

H. W. BBNNER.

MANUFACTURE OF GAS.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 25. 1914.

Patented May 19, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES 1 MENTOR-1:

ATTORNEYS.

fron the timethat the retontslare cl arged; and with the avoidance of adheringdeposits ofcarbon upon the inner walls'of -the,retorts,;-

Y To all whom it may concernorrica;

gamma {or sn'rnnnnn r, rnnnsynvan a; Assisting re- NTE pn r. teas nnv-nnornrnnr ,CQMPANY, OF njniv YORK, N. Y.,"A'conroRATrcn 3. Be it known thatI, HEN-RY Wanner;

am; a citizen of the United States, residing at'fBethlehe n, Northampton county, State [of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements-in the Manufae tune ofJGas; and 1 do hereby declare ,the following to be a full, clear, and-exact descrip-' 7 tion of the invention, such as Will-enable 1c,- 7 tains to inakeand use the-same. I

My invention relates to the manufacture I others skilled in the art to -which it apper of gas in vertical or substantially vertical intents, and is designed 'to permit the gas makingoperation to proceed with celerity;

- so that', at the completion-ofkthe gas-linaking 20 charged oftheir contents of cokelwithout in terference by such accretions, and so" that" operation, the lrctorts can be readilywdis;

scraping and scurfing of theret'oi't walls, with the attendant loss of time, interruption oft-he gas making, and injurytothe retorts;

" may 'be obviated.

' -I'n the practlc'e of the invention, the retorts "are-first raised to a high-temperature, for which purpose :they'are located in a retort V son of :the contact withlthexhighly heated bench, heated by-a gas-producer'of ample capacity. They are then-filled,-by a travele ing'hopper, orthe like, with a charge ofgas coal" dropped into them from above. An instantaneous development of gas follows the charging ofthe coal fintothe retortspby rea walls -thereof, and, iminediatelyj after this fie'ctg Fig. 2' represents a first flush ofgas production, a small amount of water-gas is admitted atthebottoni of-the retorts, this water-gas being preferably made by passing steam, preferably superheated, through a highly heated body of cokeupon which --the gas coal constituting the charge rests. "In starting the, operation, thls coke is inserted in a substantially horizontal. retort with which the'ie'rtical' retort or retorts cornmunicate, and in subsequent operations,-' the body of coke" issupplied from the'vertic'al're torts themselves after the gas coal' whicli they ci m tain has given upits gas:

hijlhe accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a top' vi ew of a singleapparatus nch for carrying the Invention intoefv frontelevation of tion on the :line Moi Fig. 1.

'ing parallel side by side independent-horiidistilled i lsaid vertical ret'ortsopening at ,1 prcvidespaces 13" through which steam ,pipes let may be passed -for 'superheating the jsteani employed .in thelproductiontof the wwater-gas, the: pipes 11 leading from a suitable source of supply and after, passing into a main distributing steani. pipe 15 havvenient'to deliver the superheated steam into vertical retorts conn tal retort 10 V are connected, together by pi pihg 25and with the'hytlraulic main by p ping 26.- "The pipes 251, 26; serve togconduct vertical Yretorts 11'- to gtheibydraulic.main gl.

MANUFACITTRE on ,7

s sam m caw. immense 19, 1914f appnemnn asemary25,w I N S2Q9;?a .,I;

san1e;.Fig. 3 represents a vertical transverse 55 section on thedottedjline B -30f. Fig. 13

:4 represents a-veiftical longitudinal sec,-

- In the drawings, lOdesignates corresponda n zontal ret0rts,. 1nwh 1chthe water gas is pro- -duced, and 11- designates vertical retorts within wlnchthe bedsor columns of coal-12 v are 1ac:e(1- and from which the coal gas ;is

I a -tl1l3l1glQWBI" ends nto the horizontal retorts l0, and there preferablyk being ,two 7 or more vertlcahretorts in communication :wit-heach horizontal retort. *Belowtlaeretorts 1O, 11,

is provided a suitablefurnaceior externallyv heating-the re'torts 10 and 11 which are-sun 1 rounded by heating chambers, as-shown.

In thesidewalls of. the apparatus. or bench i I through jth chamber" 13 delivering the steam ingbran ches =16 leading to the endiportions ef-the several horizontal retorts 10 so asto, deliver theste'an thereinto. I provide each "side wall :o'f-the bench with a superheater chamber 13 and =1ead steam pipes 14 thereinto, one pipe andfits connections 15, 16 beingat :the irontofthe bench and the other pipe 14 and its connections=15, 16, being at the rear of the bench, ,so as ;to render iticonv9O botlrends of the horizontal retorts 10.- The ends ofthe horizontal retorts 10 will besupplied with suitable doors 22 adapted to be -fir1nly locked ln-ClOSGLl position and conveniently -.openedr;when desired, and the-upper ends of-the vertical retorts 11 will be equipped with suitable -pipes' 23 having above them suitable'd'oors 24; adapted to be securely locked in closed 'PQSli-lQKL'tl-Ild conveniently he pipes 23 for the opened when desired .ctedwith each hor1 zonthe gas from the upper endsof'each-s'et ofa During the operation of thaappa; tus

of my intention, I maintain within the horizontal retorts 11 an incandescent bed of coke, indicated at 30, in Fig. 4, at the foot of each vertical retort 11. Before the verticalretorts are char ed upon the' sa-id incandescent body coke 30, I bring the vertlcal retort-s to a very high temperature,

' ranging froml800 Fahr. to" 2300 Fahlfl,

'itbeing unnecessary to exceed this, upper limit. The charge'of gas coal, say GOO-lbs. is thereupon introduced into each vertical retort, at one operation, and as quickly as possible. It substantiallyhfills all of thatportion of the vertical retorts up to a-zone therein (near the roof portion of the bench) at which the temperatureis insufficient to decom ose the newly made as, whereby lamp lack would otherwise produced.

In other 'words,'the distilling coal occupiesthe natural settling down during the process 7 of distillation.

As hereinbefore noted, the first effect of dropping the charge of coal into the highly heated vertical retorts nd 11 )011 the body of incandescent coke con aine therein is to produce an instantaneous flush of gas, which passes off into the hydraulic main. Distillation then proceeds more uniformly, and, immediately, after the first flush of gas referred to, steam is admitted at both ends '.of the horizontal retorts.

The function of this steam is to produce water-gas, and it is admitted in such limited amount that it will not cut down too much the candle power of the coal gas, and yet will have the protective efiect contemplated by my invention. I have found that the admission of an amount of steam suflicient to add to the distilling coal gas a quantityjofwater as ranging from 10% to15% by volume, will suffice for blue gas.

the purpose.

I1 ordinary coal gas practice, part of the gas evolved-from the coal cnmes intocontact with the heated walls of the retort whereby certain of the rich hydrocarbons are decom posed, the carbon adhering to the inner walls of the retort in the form of retort carbon, and the hydrogen passing otf-as'a Certain other portions of the hydrocarbons pass oii in the as, among them many high illmninants, suc 1 as benzol, etc. These high illuminants, cooling to a certain tem ;)eratu-re, are condensed and go into the tar, thus becoming lost to the final gasproduct.

Bythe introduction of water-gas,as described, this lean gas seizes upon such hydrocarbons in the process their transithe mixed gas is increased without material diminutionbf its average candle power.

' Thatthe water gas does seize these hydrocarbons is proven by the fact that no retort carbon is deposited on the retort walls. The

water gas also combines with certain rich illuminants passingofl with the gas, such as benzol, etc, as they also have an affinity for each other. This combination produces a fixed gas, and these rich hydrocarbons are not lost in the tar. Na hthalene is practically absent, its valuab e'constituents remainmgin the gas instead of being-segregated out therefrom..

It is, of course, evident that, if desired,- i

the candle power of the gas may be raised still further by the admission of oil, oil

candle power is desired, this will not be necessary.

What I claim is a 1. The method of distilling coal in subvapor, or the like, into the vertical retorts; but, excpt where a gas of more than usual stantially vertical retorts for the production of illuminating gas, which consists in first heating "the retorts to a temperature suiiiciently high to initiate the distillation of the coal when charged; thereafter charging the retorts with the coal to be distilled; and imincdiately after the charge of the coal into the retorts, admitting at the bottom of the charge andpassing therethrough a suflicient uantit Y of wateras to )reven't'the de )osit l 2: l l

of adhering carbon from the distilling charge upon-the inner walls of the retorts;

substantially as described. i 2. The method of distilling coal in substantially vertical retorts, for the production of illuminating gas, which. consists in first heating the retorts to a temperature sufficiently high to initiate the distillation of the coal when charged; producing at .the foot of the retorts a, bed of inczmdese'ent coke; then charging the coal to be distilled,

so that it shall substantially fill the retorts and restupon the incandescent coke; and. immediately after the charging of the retorts, admitting at the bottom of the charge and passing therethrough a stimulant quantity of water-gas to prevent t c depositf adhering carbon, from the distilling charge, upon the inner walls of the retorts, said wa ter-gas being formed by passing the rcquisite quantity of steam' through the said bed of incandescent coke, substantially as dcscribed. I V

. 3. The method of distilling coal in suit stantia'lly vertiall retorts, for the production of illuminating gas, which consists in distilling in said vertical retorts a body of sea drawing t e, results: vertical TQL-UTtS, and foaming" iwrizentai hofiy 0f coke 2d; th empfsiefi' rat-arts; hen subs-can i vertiea'i retorgs with a fflfi andi mmediatdy 211551.11 she reiox'ts, passing steam throu ih'candescent coke t0" produe m amnuht sufilelehi, when a.

tom-0i the, charge and z 011,911,150 prey-eat the depssi.

carhen' $011 the distilhm 1211s of the retorts;

sueh high temperature 'u' n mem with a of 00a iate iy after the chmrgingyad tom of the'ehzirge pas 31111011111, 0:? ater-gas .hering azu'ho er'twafis' the re:

ingfcoal in SW, vertical- L 150 the prod ihlmhmting gas which consisis A the retofts to a iempem 2 than 1800" 'Fahlz; forming bo (ascent coke at the feet of the re Qdep osii of L 1 higher th While the reiorts are at such em. etf-ure, substantmlly filling them wi h a chznge e15 (30:11 'ciegoslted L7 upon incandescent coke; and jnnnediziie "he charging, passing steam t rsu the incandescent who: to produce vmger in suizh quantity that admitted at the batten! 0f the fetorts, and passed therthrough, it

win prevent the deposit of adhering" cur- Pin teseflnw m presence 4:

as described.

e change upon the es, but not exceeding he of the .nl ixed gjas emtimr; substantiflly.

hsbflling in su? rts, for the prodhlcwhich consists ill t0 Temperature forming a bed of 001; 01" the reto "ts; g the rate-Ms with 1p distiheu: find, imn1eadmitting into the chayge and pa s t of vmtepgas 1 10-. emu. passing through the ine in prevent the deposit of adihe charfgeyupon the eiimisfhut 1102' exceed! he Of the mixed is .ltiOIl substantially as ,Mihng (3021.71 in sub 15 for the pmduc- I which consists 'ih .16 a, tempegzflure hensubstantially h temperature with :58 dSEiHOd I and,- imme- Mhnitting htihe hotcharge and passing DC/21114:; of nnsce11tXvnterhe formation of 1111- 55' 

